From the Introduction to the Schøyen Collection
| Material | Description | Source |
| The Buddhist collection | [1] “The Buddhist collection comprises most Asian countries. Foremost is a collection of the earliest Buddhist scriptures known, spanning 2nd – 7th c., written on palm leaf, birch bark and vellum. These, 8 MSS and about 5,000 leaves and fragments from over 1,400 further MSS, together with 60 in British Museum, have been called the ‘Dead Sea Scrolls of Buddhism’. These MSS were found in caves in Afghanistan and saved from destruction by Taliban forces under dramatic circumstances.” | The Schøyen Collection, “1. Introduction” (October 27, 2000) |
| Changes between August 17 and 16 December, 2002 | [1] “The Buddhist collection comprises most Asian countries. Foremost is a collection of the earliest Buddhist scriptures known, spanning 2nd – 7th c., written on palm leaf, birch bark, vellum and copper. These, 9 MSS and about 5,000 leaves and fragments from over 1,000 further MSS, together with 60 in British Museum, have been called the “Dead Sea Scrolls of Buddhism”. These MSS were found in caves in Afghanistan and saved from destruction by Taliban forces under dramatic circumstances.” | The Schøyen Collection, “1. Introduction” (December 16, 2002) |
| Addition of four new paragraphs between April 9 and June 1, 2002 | [2] “These Buddhist MSS are the only section in the collection that is not coming from old collections, but were acquired to prevent destruction, after requests from Buddhists and scholars. The question can be raised whether these MSS should be returned to Afghanistan after they have been published, and if peace, order, religious tolerance, and safe conditions have been established in that country.
[3] When the MSS were written, this was the Kushan Indo-Scythian empire, later conquered by the Huns; modern Afghanistan did not exist. The area has since changed religion from Buddhism to Islam, changed language from Sanskrit and Gandhari to Arabic, and most of the descendants of the original Buddhists are living outside present Afghanistan. Many of the MSS were actually written in present Pakistan and India. The Buddhist monasteries and their MSS were mostly destroyed in the 8th c. by Muslims, and the remaining to a greater part destroyed by Taliban recently, including the 2 giant statues of Buddha that were blown up in 2001. The last 2000 years the area has been regularly conquered, torn and shaken between its strong neighbours to the East, North, and West, and internally torn apart by civil wars. There is sadly enough a considerable probability that history will repeat itself in the far future as well. One has to draw the conclusion that Afghanistan is not the right and safe home for these MSS in the future, even if UNESCO’s conventions directs such MSS to be returned to the National state. [4] The Schøyen Collection has a responsibility for the safekeeping of MSS that have survived up to 5000 years, and wishes these MSS at least an equally long life in the future, with full access for scholars and the public, irrespectively of nationality, race or religion. National states, that come and go over the centuries, is not the only criterion for where MSS should be kept. Religion, cultural context, long-term safety and public access should be equally important. [5] The uniqueness and importance of the materials in The Schøyen Collection go far beyond the scope of a private collection, or even a national public collection. These MSS are the world’s heritage, the memory of the world. They are felt not really to belong to The Schøyen Collection and its owner, who only is the privileged, respectful and humble keeper, neither do they belong to a particular nation, people, religion, culture, but to mankind, being the property of the entire world. In the future The Schøyen Collection will have to be placed in a public context that can fulfil these visions.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “1. Introduction” (June 1, 2002) |
| Addition to paragraph [4] between August 17 and 16 December, 2002 | [4] “The Schøyen Collection has a responsibility for the safekeeping of MSS that have survived up to 5000 years, and wishes these MSS at least an equally long life in the future, with full access for scholars and the public, irrespectively of nationality, race or religion. National states, that come and go over the centuries, is not the only criterion for where MSS should be kept. Religion, cultural context, long-term safety and public access should be equally important, and ought to be incorporated in article 4 in the UNESCO convention of 14 November 1970.” | The Schøyen Collection, “1. Introduction” (December 16, 2002) |
| Additions to paragraphs [3] and [5] between October 4, 2003, and 15 February, 2004 | [3] “When the MSS were written, this was the Kushan Indo-Scythian empire, later conquered by the Huns; modern Afghanistan did not exist. The area has since changed religion from Buddhism to Islam, changed language from Sanskrit and Gandhari to Arabic, Dari and Pashtu (Pushtu), and most of the descendants of the original Buddhists are living outside present Afghanistan. Many of the MSS were actually written in present Pakistan and India. The Buddhist monasteries and their MSS were mostly destroyed in the 8th c. by Muslims, and the remaining to a greater part destroyed by Taliban recently, including the 2 giant statues of Buddha that were blown up in 2001. The last 2000 years the area has been regularly conquered, torn and shaken between its strong neighbours to the East, North, and West, and internally torn apart by civil wars. There is sadly enough a considerable probability that history will repeat itself in the far future as well. One has to draw the conclusion that Afghanistan is not the right and safe home for these MSS in the future, even if UNESCO’s conventions directs such MSS to be returned to the National state.”
[5] “The uniqueness and importance of the materials in The Schøyen Collection go far beyond the scope of a private collection, or even a national public collection. These MSS are the world’s heritage, the memory of the world. They are felt not really to belong to The Schøyen Collection and its owner, who only is the privileged, respectful and humble keeper, neither do they belong to a particular nation, people, religion, culture, but to mankind, being the property of the entire world. In the future The Schøyen Collection will have to be placed in a public context that can fulfil these visions. The proceeds will go to The Schøyen Human Rights Foundation to give emergency aid and fight poverty in emerging nations, and to promote Freedom of Speech and Human Rights world-wide.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “1. Introduction” (February 15, 2004) |
| New addition [0] between February 15 and June 3, 2004 | [0] “Acquisition of non-western manuscripts, particularly from the Near and Far East, was halted by the end of 2001, due to the richness and completeness of the holdings.” | The Schøyen Collection, “1. Introduction” (June 3, 2004) |
| A few subtle adjustments of [1] and [2] between February 15 and June 3, 2004 | [1] “The Buddhist collection comprises most Asian countries. Foremost is a collection of the earliest Buddhist scriptures known, spanning 2nd – 7th c., written on palm leaf in India, birch bark in Afghanistan, and vellum and copper. These, 9 MSS and about 5,000 leaves and fragments from over 1,000 further MSS, together with 60 in British Museum, have been called the “Dead Sea Scrolls of Buddhism”. These MSS were found in caves in Afghanistan and saved from destruction by Taliban forces under dramatic circumstances.”
[2] “These Buddhist MSS are the only section in the collection that is not coming from old collections, but were acquired to prevent destruction, after requests from Buddhists and scholars. The question can be raised whether these MSS should be returned to Afghanistan after they have been published, and if peace, order, religious tolerance, and safe conditions can be established in that country.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “1. Introduction” (June 3, 2004) |
| Between February 4 and April 4, 2005, [1]-[4] were removed from the “Introduction” page. | The Schøyen Collection, “1. Introduction” (April 4, 2005) | |
| Between March 6 and November 22, 2005, [1]–[4] reappeared on another page with several changes and additions to part [1], three new paragraphs after part [3], and a shortened version of [4]. | [1] “The Buddhist collection comprises most Asian countries. Foremost is a collection of the earliest Buddhist scriptures known, spanning 2nd – 7th c., written on palm leaf in India, birch bark in Afghanistan, and vellum and copper. The about 5000 leaves and fragments with ca. 7000 micro-fragments from a library of originally up to 1000 manuscripts, together with 60 in British Library, have been called the “Dead Sea Scrolls of Buddhism”. The manuscripts were found in caves in Bamiyan in Afghanistan 1993-95. They mostly avoided destruction during the civil war among several warlords and Taliban by being taken out of the war zones. The significant parts that remained in Afghanistan when Taliban took power in most of the country in 1996, were specifically targeted for destruction together with other Buddhist objects and monuments, but were saved under partly dramatic circumstances. The first few fragments were acquired by The Schøyen Collection in the summer 1996, while the bulk of the material was acquired in London 1997-2000. At that time they were increasingly being spread on a great number of hands in several countries. Many of the micro-fragments were either discarded or used for amulets. The greatest challenge of the rescue operation turned out to be getting these materials together again. For the greater part this turned out successfully. As the last part of the rescue operation they will now be made available to everyone …”.[3] “When the MSS were written, this was the Kushan Indo-Scythian Empire, later conquered by the Huns; modern Afghanistan did not exist. The area has since changed religion from Buddhism to Islam, changed language from Sanskrit and Gandhari to Arabic, Dari and Pashtu, and most of the descendants of the original Buddhists are living outside present Afghanistan. More than half of the MSS were actually written in present Pakistan and India. The Buddhist monasteries and their MSS were mostly destroyed in the 8th c. by Muslims, and the remaining to a greater part destroyed by Taliban recently, including the 2 giant statues of Buddha that were blown up in 2001. The last 2000 years the area has been regularly conquered, torn and shaken between its strong neighbours to the East, North, and West, and internally torn apart by civil wars. There is sadly enough a considerable probability that history will repeat itself in the far future as well. One has to draw the conclusion that Afghanistan is not the right and safe home for these MSS in the future, even if UNESCO’s conventions directs such MSS to be returned to the National state. As mentioned in the introduction part 2, consideration and clarification about a possible future return of these manuscripts is an ongoing process.However, a friendly dialogue has evolved between Afghanistan, represented by the embassies in Oslo and Paris, and The Schøyen Collection, the present owner of the manuscripts. As a result of this, 7 fragments that were published in 1932 by Sylvain Levi as part of the Hackin collection which later came to The National Museum of Afghanistan, were given to the Museum 5 September 2005. These fragments had so far been held by The Schøyen Collection for security and preservation reasons.This has further been agreed: ‘The Hackin collection in The National Museum of Afghanistan comprised originally app. 50 Buddhist manuscript fragments from the 4th to the 7th century. The Schøyen Collection has generously offered to present to The Afghan National Museum 43-44 further original Buddhist manuscript fragments of similar type that were in the Hackin collection, in order to bring the Museum’s holdings up to its pre-war level of app. 50 fragments. The Afghan authorities have accepted the gift, which will be presented to Afghanistan within the end of 2007 after research and publication.The Afghan authorities also appreciate the research over many years and publication of the Buddhist manuscript fragments by Professor Jens Braarvig and the international group of scholars, and will also express their support of the scholars’ future work.’”[4] “The Schøyen Collection has a responsibility for the safekeeping of MSS that have survived up to 5000 years, and wishes these MSS at least an equally long life in the future, with full access for scholars and the public, irrespectively of nationality, race or religion. National states, that come and go over the centuries, is not the only criterion for where MSS should be kept. Religion, cultural context, long-term safety and public access should be equally important, and ought to be incorporated in article 4 in the UNESCO convention of 14 November 1970.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (November 22, 2005) |
Manuscripts and Fragments
| MS(s)/Frg(s) | Provenance | Source |
| MSS 2179, 2372-2386 & 2416 [“remains of ca. 1400 MSS in Sanskrit on palm-leaf, birch bark and vellum …; ca. 5000 leaves and fragments”] |
Bamiyan, Afghanistan, , 2nd-7th c. | The Schøyen Collection, “5.19 Buddhism” (Januar 10, 2001) |
| MS 2179/1–129 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (3rd-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2179/44 [“MAHAPARINIVANASUTRA”] |
“Afghanistan, 2nd-3rd c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 22, 2003) |
| “India, 2nd-3rd c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 26, 2004) | |
| MS 2241 [“LAND GRANT”] |
India, 492 | The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 26, 2004) |
| This information was deleted between April 26 2004 and October 10 2004, but reappeared again November 22 2005 | The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (Oct 10, 2004) | |
| MS 2372/1–10 | 1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (2nd-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997. |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2373/1–14 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (2nd-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2373/1 [“ABHIDHARMA EARLY COMMENTARY”] |
“Afghanistan, 2nd c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (2nd-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 22, 2003) |
| “India, 2nd c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (2nd-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 26, 2004) | |
| MS 2373/3 | Looted from Kabul Museum in the 1990s | Lore Sander, “Dating and Localizing Undated Manuscripts,” in From Birch Bark to Digital Data: Recent Advances in Buddhist Manuscript Research: Papers Presented at the Conference Indic Buddhist Manuscripts: The State of the Field. Stanford, June 15–19 2009 (ed. Paul Harrison og Jens-Uwe Hartmann; Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistgeschichte Asiens 80; Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 460; Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2014), 171–86 (at 176 n.38) |
| MS 2374/1–42 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2374/1/14–15+24+27–29+31 | Sam Fogg Rare Books Ltd., London, 1996 | Jens E. Braarvig, Jens-Uwe Hartmann, Kazunobu Matsuda, and Lore Sander, “Reports form the Kyoto Seminar for the Buddhist Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection, May 10–14, 1999,” Newsletter/Research Institute of Bukkyo University 17 (December, 1999), 10–15 (at 10–11) |
| MS 2375/1–56 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2375/08 [“SARIPUTRA-ABHIDARMA, SECTION IV, CHAPTER IV”] |
“India, late 3rd – early 4th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 26, 2004) |
| MS 2376/1–185 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2376/1 [“CAMGISUTRA OF THE MAHASAMGHIKA-LOKOTTARAVADINS”] |
“Afghanistan, 4th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 22, 2003) |
| “India, 4th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 26, 2004) | |
| MS 2376/2+39+43+54 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika(?), Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997; 4. De-accessioned in 2007 and presented to the National Museum of Afghanistan.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2377/1–201 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2378/1–110 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2378/1 [“THE MAHAYANA SUTRA MANUSCRIPT”] |
“Bamiyan, Afghanistan, 5th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 22, 2003) |
| “India, 5th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 26, 2004) | |
|
MS 2378/1/11b, 2378/106 “the first example of a forgery” |
“found its way into the collection [in autumn 2001]” | Paul Harrison and Jens-Uwe Hartmann, “Another Fragment of the Ajātaśatrukaukṛtyavinodanāsūtra,” in Buddhist Manuscripts, Volume II (ed. Jens E. Braarvig; Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection III; Oslo: Hermes, 2002), 45–49 (45). |
| MS 2379/1–81 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2379/44 [“1. ASOKA LEGEND; PAMSUPRADANAVADANA, KUNALAVADANA, VITASOKAVADANA, ASOKAVADANA 2. ASOKA MUKHANAGAVINAYAPARICCHEDA”] |
“Afghanistan, 6th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 22, 2003) |
| “India, 6th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 26, 2004) | |
| MS 2379/45 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997; 4. De-accessioned in 2007 as gift to the National Museum of Afghanistan.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2380/1–56 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2380/4 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2381/1–265 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2381/85 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997; 4. De-accessioned October 2007 and presented to the National Museum of Afghanistan (4 fragments).” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2381/265 | “Im Sommer 2002 gelangte ein Fragment nach Norwegen in die Schøyen Collection”
“Der genaue Herkunftsort is unbekannt, aber mit einiger Wahrscheinlichkeit ist es innerhalb der letzten zen Jahre in Bamiyan gefunden worden.” |
Jens-Uwe Hartmann, “Ein Schauspielfragment aus Afghanistan,” in Indica et Tibetica: Festschrift für Michael Hahn zum 65. Geburtstag von Freunden und Schülern überreicht (ed. Konrad Klaus and Jens-Uwe Hartmann; Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 66; Wien: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, 2007), 249–258 (249, 252). |
| MS 2382/1–335 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2382/45/6 + 2382/45/2c + 2382/45/4b + 2382/45/4c + 2382/45/4a + 2382/45/5c | Looted from Kabul Museum in the 1990s | Sander, “Dating and Localizing Undated Manuscripts,” 176 n.38 |
| MS 2382/67 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2382/146 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997. De-accessioned and presented to the National Museum of Afghanistan, Kabul, October 2007.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2382/269 [“PRATIMOKSA-VIBHANGA OF THE MAHASAMGHIKA-LOKOTTARAVADINS”] |
“Afghanistan, 6th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 22, 2003) |
| “India, 6th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 26, 2004) | |
| MS 2383/1–128 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Book sellers and antiquity galleries, London 1996-1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2384 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-6th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Sam Fogg, London, July 1996-August 1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2385 [“1. BHAISAJYAGUR SUTRA 2. VAJRACCHEDIKA SUTRA; DIAMOND SUTRA”] |
“Bamiyan, Afghanistan, 6th c.” “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-6th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Sam Fogg Rare Books Ltd., London.” |
The Schøyen Collection, “22. Buddhism” (April 22, 2003) |
|
“presumed to have come from Afghanistan, possibly the Bamiyan area” |
Paul Harrison, “Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā: A New English Translation of the Sanskrit Text Based on Two Manuscripts from Greater Gandhāra,” in Buddhist Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection, Volume III (Oslo: Hermes, 2006), 133–159 (133). | |
| “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-6th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Sam Fogg, London, July 1996-August 1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) | |
| MS 2386 | “See MS 2385.” | Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2416 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-6th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Sam Fogg, London, August 1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2419 | “1. Buddhist monastery of Mahasanghika, Bamiyan, Afghanistan (-7th c.); 2. Cave in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan; 3. Sam Fogg, London, August 1997.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MS 2532 [“Jar with Dedicatory Inscription to the Masters of the Dharmaguptaka School”] |
“1. Sam Fogg, London, May 1998” | Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MSS 2627/1-4 | Gilgit, Pakistan | The Schøyen Collection, “5.19 Buddhism” (Januar 10, 2001) |
| This information was deleted between October 20 2002 and April 22 2003 | ||
| MSS 2627/1 | “1. Said by seller to possibly be found in Gilgit, but this not confirmed by scholars or other sources; 2. Lennox Gallery, London (September 1998); 3. De-accessioned together with about 150 small fragments possibly from Gilgit, as gift to Pakistan (November 2004)” “Commentary: These fragments were originally believed to come from caves in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan, Afghanistan, and belonged to the 5000 leaves and fragments that were threatened by tribal wars and by the Taliban, and were saved from destruction and dispersal. With even the slightest possibility that the present fragments could come from Gilgit and thus were not threatened by destruction, it was thought to be most responsible to give these fragments to Pakistan, whose Department of Archaeology and Museums at the Ministry of Culture, National Heritage and Integration accepted the gift with gratitude.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MSS 2627/2 | “1. Found in caves in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan (1992-95); 2. Lennox Gallery, London, June 1998.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MSS 2627/3 | “1. Found in caves in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan (1992-95); 2. Lennox Gallery, London, June 1998.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
| MSS 2627/4 | “1. Found in caves in Hindu Kush, Bamiyan (1992-95); 2. Sam Fogg, London, Septmeber 1998.” |
Bibliotheca Manuscripta Schoyeniana MSS 2000–2999 (April 2020) |
The Lying Pen of Scribes 